TRIBE AND NATION- STATE IN IRAN

The ethnically diverse people of Iran are constitution by

a) A number of very large nomadic pastoral groups the dominant character of these groups is
b) Their a cephalous nature which refuses to bow down its any centralized authorities Iran itself has entered through several historical regimes from its early comoladition under Islamism rule to the present day regime established by ayatoecah khomeini intervened by a along period of dynastic rule by the pahearis
c) The dominant ethnic majority who have formed the state here are the pesriam the nomadic and semi nomadic people of the vast descents were earlier rarely attempted to be brought
d) The movements were brought Under rigid state control fill about the mid twenties they were rules indirectly through their indigenous leaders
e) The state took advantage of their inter tribal wayfarer to keep them divided and under control
f) Tribes like qashgai and bakhhtian were made targets of state intervention only when they came in competition over strategic resources one reason for this was their large population, control over vital trade rotates and national resources like oil wells and well organized tribal leadership.

The political intervention over the qaswgar increased enormously due to development of trade routes by the British through the rugged mountainous between Shiraz and the Persian Gulf, part of Bushier a) The first consolidated attempt to extent political control over the qashgai was at the instance of the British who found them a constant interference in their trade and communication links the game of power between the Germans and the British in which each tried to play up these tribes against the others made the qashgai powerful enough to the state the British armed them against German factions b) As a result the tribes became locally autonomous and powerful c) The European interference and their own military and ultimately appear as powerful enemies of their own state. The Iranian tribes have suffered more because of foreign intervention where they have been used as strategic political resources d) The entry of the America capitalist made the situation more worse e) In order to bring them politically under control in 1950, the shah made an unsuccessful attempt is settle these nomadic pastorals the government passed land reform laws which made no provision for the seasonal use of pastures by there people these policies encomaged the in dispreads expansion of settled cultivation at the expense of grazing lands belonging to tribes
f) The deliberate policy of capitalization introduced under American guidance was for the earlier policies of direct of their traditional pastoral means of subsistence the tribes rapidly became enyrovished and were deliberately converted by the state into laborers to work in the newly founded industries in Iran in 1979, the collapse of the state led to a resurgence of cultural identity which is stile held onto In the history of various tribes especially in relation to the white colonialism survival even demographically has not been possible in their greed to control the resources of the world, the European powers in the part one or two centuries have depleted and ravaged indigenous populations the prime examples of there are Africa Australia and the united states Russia, China, Iran, and other nation states dealing with their own ethnic have atleast ideologically maintained a semblance of ethnic equality. But misguided by their religions theology and scientific tenets of evolutionism and social Darwinism, the European populations interaction and policies regarding the socially different population of colonized territories has raved from treating them as non-human, inferior humans, Irrational humans and so on.