1.3.b Biological Anthropology – Meaning Scope and Relevance
- Definition and scope of Physical anthropology
- Physical Anthropology in relation with other disciplines
- Branches of Physical Anthropology
1.7 The biological basis of life:
- The Cell
- DNA structure and replication
- Protein Synthesis
- Gene
- Mutation
- Chromosomes
- Cell Divisions
- New developments in genetics
- Previous Years questions
9.1 Human Genetics :
- Methods and Application:
9.2 Mendelian genetics in man-family study
- Human Genetics
- Mendelian rules of Inheritance
- single factor
- Applications of Mendel rules
- Exception or Non-Mendelian Inheritance
- lethal and sub lethal genes
- Polygentic or multifactor inheritance in man.
- Genetics and Environment
- Misuse of Mendelian genetics
- Previous Years questions
9.3 Population Genetics
- Meaning and scope of Population genetics
- Mendelian population
- Hardy-Weinberg law
- causes and changes which bring down frequency
- Short notes on
- Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection
- genetic effect of consanguineous and cousin marriages.
- Evolution of genetic disorders as adaptation
- On-going evolution in man: Are we still evolving?
- Microevolution vs. Macroevolution
- Previous Years questions
9.4 Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man,methodology.
- Numerical and structural aberrations and their causes.
- Sex chromosomal aberrations –
- Autosomal aberrations –
- Structural Abnormalities
- Genetic Imprinting
- Previous Years questions
9.5 Racial studies
- Race and racism
- Biological racial classifications
- Distribution and characteristics of world major races
- Criteria of racial classification
- Formation of races
- Race crossing in humans
- Racial classification in India
- Modern thought on racial classification
- UNESCO and American Anthropological Association Statement on race
- Previous Years questions
9.6 genetic markers and Physiological characteristics
- Age, sex and population variation as genetic marker
- Physiological characteristics in different cultural and socio- economic groups.
- Previous Years Questions
9.7 Ecological Anthropology.
- Ecological Anthropology meaning , scope and relevance
- Ecological Stresses
- Bio-cultural Adaptations –
- Man’s physiological responses to environmental stresses:(Adaptation)
- Acclamatory Responses to Hot , Cold and High altitude – reversable changes
- Adaptation to Hot , Cold and High altitude – Permanent Changes at gene level
- Ecological Anthropology Methods
- Environmental Determinism
- Environmental Possibilism
- Human Ecology
- Previous Years questions
9.8 Epidemiological Anthropology
- Epidemiological Anthropology
- Health and disease
- Infectious diseases
- non-infectious diseases.
- Genetic Epidemiology.
- Nutritional deficiency related diseases.
- Theory of Epidemiologic Transition
- Are We Still Evolving
- Anthropology of medicine
- Palaeopathology
- Previous Years questions
10 Human growth and Development
- Concept of Human Growth and Development
- Approaches to study human growth and development
- Growth Curves
- Prenatal Growth
- Postnatal growth
- Measures of Maturity
- Ageing and senescence.
- Methods of Studying Growth
- Factors influencing growth and development
- Human Constitution and Physique
- Concept of Somatotype
- Methods in the Assessment of Physique
- Theories and observations – biological and chronological longevity.
- Blue Zones of longevity
- Applications of human growth and developmental studies
- The Dispersion of Modern Humans-Molecular and Morphological Patterns of Relationship
- Discordance Hypothesis
- Previous Years questions
11 Reproductive and Demographic Anthropology
- Cytogenetics and serogentics of female reproductive system
- Cytogenetics and serogentics of Male reproductive system
- Oogenesis and Spermatogenesis
- Onset of Reproductive Functioning in Humans
- Relevance of menarche, menopause and other bioevents to fertility.
- Why menopause for human female ?
- Fertility patterns and differentials.
- Demographic theories- biological , social and cultural.
- Demographic Transition – World and India
- Biological and socio-ecological factors influencing
- Previous Years questions
12 Applications of Anthropology:
- Anthropology of sports
- Nutritional anthropology
- Anthropology in designing of defence and other equipments
- Forensic Anthropology
- Personal Identification
- Medical science
- Methods and principles of personal identification and reconstruction
- Applied and emerging human genetics –
- Previous Years questions