| Characters | Neanderthal | Homo Sapiens |
| Cranial capacity | 1300 – 1750 CC | 1,000- 2,300 CC |
| Maximum skull -breadth | At about mid point | High on skull |
| Flattening of skull | Resembles apes | Higher and rounde |
| Parieto temporal suture | Straight | Arched |
| Foramen magnum | Placed more backwardly | Placed centrally |
| Backward projection of occipit | Traverse as a ridge from side to side as in apes | Absent |
| Zygomatic arches (cheek bones) | Projecting as in apes | Not so |
| Mastoid process | Not well-developed, small rudimentary | Well developed |
| Aluedar region | Does not merge with a nasal floor, as in apes | Merges with a nasal floor |
| Symphises (cnision of jaw) | Slopes backwards and inwards as in apes | Not so |
| Chin | Variably developed | Well developed |
| Brow ridges | Never a continuous shell of bone, may be moderate or absent | Well developed within a continuous shell of bone |
| Forward projection of face | Yes | Flatter face |
| Tanrodontism (molars and pre-molars) | They have enlarged pulp cavities and roots are fused | Absent |
| Incisors | Relatively large | Relatively small |
| Bones | Thinner than Homoerectus | Thinner than in Neanderthal |
| Long bones | More curved with large area for muscle attachments | More straight with smaller area for muscle attachments |
| Sockets for femur | Further back | Further forward |
| Scapula | It has a dorsal groove on side of outer border | It has a ventral groove on side of outer border |
| Muscles of fingers | More powerful to flex fingers. | Less powerful for grip |